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Résumé de l’article (traduction google)
Peu d'études épidémiologiques ont mis l'accent sur la santé psychologique des athlètes de haut niveau. Cette étude visait à identifier les principaux problèmes psychologiques rencontrés au sein de français athlètes de haut niveau, et les variations de leur prévalence fondée sur le sexe et le sport pratiqué.
Méthodes
Des analyses multi variées ont été effectuées sur des données nationales obtenues à partir des athlètes chaque année des évaluations psychologiques.
Résultats
Un échantillon représentatif de 13% de la population athlète français a été obtenu. 17% des athlètes ont au moins un trouble récents ou en cours, le trouble d'anxiété généralisée (TAG) étant les plus fréquentes (6%), suivie par des non spécifiques troubles de l'alimentation (4,2%). Dans l'ensemble, 20,2% des femmes avaient au moins une psychopathologie, contre 15,1% chez les hommes. Cette prédominance féminine appliquée à l'anxiété et les troubles alimentaires, dépression, troubles du sommeil et des comportements autodestructeurs. Les taux les plus élevés du TAG est apparu dans les sports esthétiques (16,7% vs 6,8% dans d'autres sports pour les hommes et 38,9% contre 10,3% pour les femmes), la prévalence la plus faible a été constaté dans les sports à haut risque athlètes (3,0% vs 3,5%). Les troubles alimentaires sont plus courantes chez les femmes dans les sports de course (14% vs 9%), mais pour les hommes ont été trouvés principalement dans les sports de combat (7% vs 4,8%).
Discussion
Cette étude met en évidence des différences importantes dans la psychopathologie entre les athlètes masculins et féminins, ce qui démontre que les nombreuses différences fondées sur le sexe indiqué dans la population générale s'appliquent aux athlètes d'élite. Bien que la prévalence des problèmes psychologiques n'est pas plus élevée que dans la population générale, les variations de la psychopathologie dans différents sports suggèrent que les contraintes spécifiques pourraient influencer le développement de certains troubles.
Référence de l’article: Psychological balance in high level athjetes/gender-based differences and sport specific patterns . in PLoS ONE
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Lettre de l’économie du sport N°1021 du 06/05 /2011 sur sport.fr
http://www.franceolympique.org/files/File/actions/sante/colloques/karine_schaal2.pdf
http://www.ffck.org/equipe_france/Medical%20SMR/grille%20IRMES2.pdf
http://irmes.insep.info/
IRMES sous la direction du Professeur Jean François Toussaint - Epidemiologie Sport/Santé
Karine SCHAAL - Karine.Schaal@insep.fr
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